Thermohaline circulation links polar sinking waters to global ocean paths
In cold polar seas, water grows dense as it cools and as sea ice rejects salt into the brine below — then sinks and spreads along the abyss.
That deep conveyor helps redistribute heat, carbon, and oxygen across ocean basins over centuries, linking surface climate to the slow pulse of the deep.
The ocean has a heartbeat measured in density. Polar sinks start journeys that may resurface a world away generations later.
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