Fumaroles vent volcanic steam and sulfur for decades between eruptions
Fumaroles are openings that hiss volcanic steam, carbon dioxide, and sulfur gases long after lava stops flowing — a quieter reminder that magma and heat still lurk below.
Minerals crystallize around the vents, staining ground yellow and white, while acid gases can kill nearby vegetation. Monitoring fumarole chemistry helps scientists track restless volcanoes between big eruptions.
A mountain can breathe without exploding. Fumaroles prove volcanic systems stay alive in steam and scent even when the sky looks clear.
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